The OPRC-HNS Protocol was adopted to expand the scope of the 1990 International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and
Co-operation (OPRC 1990), which entered into force on 13 May 1995, so as to cover hazardous and noxious substances that, if spilled, could have a detrimental impact on the marine environment (or on marine ecosystems). The Protocol defines HNS as substances other than oil, which, if introduced into the marine environment, have the potential to create hazards to human health, to harm living resources and marine life, to damage amenities or to interfere with other legitimate uses of the sea.
States which are party to the OPRC-HNS Protocol are required to establish a national system for responding to HNS, including a designated national authority, a national operational contact point and a national contingency plan. This needs to be backstopped by a minimum level of response equipment, communications plans, regular training and exercises.
States must also provide assistance, to the extent possible and feasible, to other States in the event of a pollution emergency. There is a provision for the reimbursement of any assistance provided. States should also try to conclude bilateral or multilateral agreements on preparedness for, and response to, pollution incidents involving HNS.
IMO has developed a wide array of tools including model training courses, manuals and guidance documents to assist countries in developing their capacity for dealing with incidents involving HNS and meeting their obligations under the Protocol. States may also request assistance from IMO, through its Integrated Technical Co-operation Programme, in meeting these obligations and in implementing the provisions of the Protocol.
States that accede to the Protocol derive a number of benefits, such as:
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Access to an international platform for co-operation and mutual assistance in preparing for, and responding to, major HNS pollution incidents and a mechanism for establishing co-operative arrangements with other States Parties. |
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A means for urgently accessing relevant technical assistance and response resources in the event of an HNS incident. |
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A framework for the development of national and regional capacity to prepare for, and respond to, HNS incidents. |
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Participation in a network for the exchange of new research and development information, best practices and practical experiences in HNS response. |
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Access to training and support for developing the essential preparedness and response structures and legislation, at national and regional levels, through IMO's Integrated Technical Co-operation Programme. |
Such benefits contribute to the enhanced protection of a State's coastal zone and marine environment, including human health and resources.